"The master would not give to sow terror to weaken our will to fight, to divide us (the owners" enlightened "they are no less ferocious) and for this you will serve as leaders and spies Capetti monsters and pimps. Needless to spend too many words, better to say now that those acts or acts against the interests of workers and the struggle is our enemy and as such must be struck. " It was October 28, 1970, exactly 40 years ago, when that newspaper-Tazebao appeared for the first time glued to the walls of many factories in Milan. Proletarian left was the name of the head. So do not even say anything to the militants of the revolutionary groups that were springing from the heat of Sixty. No one imagined that the symbol was hidden behind a newly formed organization of illegal destined soon to become notorious, the Red Brigades, with their five-pointed star. That day officially began a story that would tragically marked our lives for several decades. With so many dead and wounded, mourning and pain, not to mention the damage the political, economic and psychological inflicted on the country. And unfortunately that does not yet seem to have closed. Rereading those sentences of 40 years ago he can not escape their striking resemblance to the current claims, for example, Pietro Ichino against the labor law or the secretary of the CISL Raffaele Bonanni.
In fact, it was all started just over two months earlier in a restaurant-hotel Costaferrata, in the hills of Emilia. There, in August 1970, thirty young people who had left the Communist Party of Reggio Emilia, after a brief spell in the shared revolution of the apartment, met in conference with some of their fellow Trento and Milan to decide the transition from " words to deeds ", that is to go underground and armed struggle. It lasted almost a week, that meeting. And the inhabitants of the small town seemed like a normal and peaceful student congress.
to them, not the Communist Party, which had not escaped the movements of its former members on the spot and sent a few men of his intelligence, which then reported word for word everything that was said and decided. And even the police, which concluded the conference, he sent two of his agents to ask caterers (RB of the future uncles Tonino Loris Paroli) the complete list of participants. They knew of Renato Curcio and Alberto Franceschini, and Corrado Simioni Prospero Gallinari, Mara Cagol and Lauro Azzolini ... In short, the PCI and the Ministry of Interior had a real time chart of the Red Brigades. And who knows why a denied for at least seven years left of the matrix of the terrorist organization (officially admitted that the Red Brigades were "red" only in 1977), and the other 'left to do "until the abduction and murder of Aldo Moro (March-May 1978).
But this is the stuff of rather leave it to historians, who have always really wanted to grapple with the topic, maybe in the future. In the meantime, however, should at least ask why the political terrorism in Italy has a longevity not found in other European countries (excluding Northern Ireland and Spain) and if there are still aspects of his story to light.
"The phenomenon has been played continuously over the decades," observed John Pellegrino, who has long studied the causes leading a parliamentary committee. In fact, if you look at the parable of the Red Brigades, one can see that from 1978 onwards, the year in which the Red Brigades reached the peak of their popularity with the Moro kidnapping, despite the destructive blows suffered by the state are always risen from the ashes. And even after long periods of silence, suddenly came back to strike. Or at least have reorganized. Suffice it to say that recent arrests date back a few months ago. "Truth" explains Pellegrino "is that you are not able to really deal with that experience."
least two points of view: "Too simplistically has described the phenomenon in terms of pure crime, denying a political-ideological and withdrawing from the country's history. And for that reason are never revealed areas of contiguity, and then the ground has never been completely cleared. "
areas of contiguity: that is, areas of politics, the union and the culture in which the Red Brigades have always had a strong liking, very often militant. The theme has always been one of the flagships of Pellegrino, has just returned powerfully topical in recent weeks thanks to two books that bear the signatures of two judges always been involved in front line against terrorism: the Roman judge Rosario Priore, with its North by Northwest, and the Attorney General of the Republic of Venice Pietro Calogero, conTerrore red autonomy to the armed party.
The latter, in 1979, when he was the prosecution of Padua, with its investigation known to history as "April 7," touched a raw nerve: the relationship between the historical leaders of workers' power (and then autonomy), Toni Negri on his head, and that same Br Negri still talking about incitement to revolt in social and even television in the living rooms. According investigating the claim, so close links existed between each other and even that could be detected in the self-leadership "political-intellectual brain 'Brigades military organization. This role, according to Calogero, Negri and the others were held in Paris in the shade of a language institute called Hyperion, founded in 1974 by Corrado Simioni, a participant in the conference Costaferrata. But its investigation foundered: sabotaged by persistent media campaigns led by leftist intellectuals, the French investigators, who had initially pledged cooperation, suddenly back down the shutters and a magistrate in Padua, failed to have the elements that would try his accusations. Calogero
Now back to the office, claiming the correctness of his intuition: "Between Autonomy and the Red Brigades was working alliance for the joint armed insurrection against the state (or" long-term civil war " , according to Negri's terminology), and for the realization of this project, each organization acted with media, police and their tactics. " A
him right are two other magistrates, Prior and Judge Charles Mastelloni Venetian, also committed for many years in investigations of terrorism and that, as Calogero, following the same LAN, they reached the same conclusion: Paris and the link that there had paid between Autonomy and Br "Relations between the two organizations were infinite" confirms the Roman magistrate. "There were even cases of dual membership. The example of Bruno Seghetti applies to all: it was already a prominent when the Red Brigades in 1977 by leading independent, led the famous assault on the stage as he spoke the leader of CGIL, Luciano Lama, University of Rome ". The idea of \u200b\u200ban armed party, by the insurgents of the Communist Party up to the Red Brigades, via the extra-parliamentary left-wing groups, was already the publisher Giangiacomo Feltrinelli-guerrilla and his companion at the time, Negri. "When the first died in Segrate, in 1972, it inherited the same design Autonomy and Simioni and was accomplished in the shadow of Hyperion, "added Prior.
was therefore the Hyperion, the infamous school of languages \u200b\u200bSimioni long protected by a character such as the Abbé Pierre, the "political brain" of the Br? Mastelloni also seems to have no doubts: "What is not shown on the judicial level is the level of the principals of the above mechanisms that have fueled the phenomenon of terrorism. Hyperion was a very "intellectualized", able to escape the understanding of the police, the police and our own services, which by then had no proper cultural tools. "
Yet over the years, journalists and researchers as they accumulated more and more new and valuable information, the incredible triangle Paris-Br-Autonomy continued to be protected by an aura of unspoken by intellectuals, politicians and even journalists. The charge of conspiracy is rained relentlessly against anyone who tries to touch that wire, even in the presence of unequivocal evidence and testimonies. Because that wall is still impassable?
One possible answer is found in the parliamentary hearings of General Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa, who returned after the murder of Moro counter-terrorism at the head of the nuclei. Pellegrino tells: "From the Church did clearly understand that the logistics network for disjoint-military-political environments of the Red Brigades used the area of \u200b\u200bintellectual contiguity. And in exchange for information they were given had to pay a price of impunity. " With or because (depending on your point of view) of this "pact of silence" had to "circumscribe the area of \u200b\u200blegal truth to Br military, leaving out the political and intellectual groups that flank or directed" says Priore.
This explains also the reason why several judges at one time engaged on the front counter-terrorism today continue to scramble to explain that there is nothing to know, with journalistic circles and intellectuals to be their bass drum? Another topic to be given to historians. But meanwhile, taking up a concept of the Pilgrim, the land was not completely cleared, the root has not been eradicated and the phenomenon tends to reproduce. How many similarities between the news in recent months and weeks and the situation of the seventies, with old and new bad teachers who continue undeterred to launch calls to revolt and to impart lessons of "antagonistic violence." It changed the context storicopolitico, of course. "But that does not mean that there are more conditions for a return to violence: the condition may upsurge because it was not culturally prepared," explains Mastelloni.
not have built up antibodies. And the areas of youth distress and suffering are more social than ever before possible prey of violent plans. Photographer Guido Salvini, another magistrate in Milan for years engaged on domestic and international face of subversion: "From the social point of view, the evolution of Br reflects the labor market. The biographies of the new brigades we often speak of postal workers, nurses, distributors of magazines, computer ... I mean all categories of workers in precarious and fragmented today. This means that the proposed press especially on terrorist groups with fewer guarantees and more exposed to market logic, where there is uncertainty and frustration. The terrorist is no longer the mass worker who comes from the big factories, but the Brigades of the call center. " And he adds, he has worked on their last line of domestic terrorism, "Be careful, there is space, there are conditions for a new wave of violence. Why the Red Brigades have benefited from extensive areas of solidarity, where they can reproduce. Even recently there have been anything but symbolic expressions of support for terrorists arrested. Solidarity has been lived and visible. "
The marches under the jail to demand the release of prisoners neobrigatisti, fundraising, campaigns, legal support are all worrying incidents. Also because are in addition to the many other signals that the record most recently, he produced the violent protests of the Democratic Party to the festival in Turin and other cities of the bullets sent a threatening letter to Luciano Violante, until the episode (some yet to be clarified for some aspects), which was the chief protagonist for Free Maurizio Belpietro. Not too much to see: under-or turn a blind eye would be unforgivable.
Giovanni Fasanella
http://blog.panorama.it
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